LIST OF MICROORGANISMS INVOLVED IN FOOD CONTAMINATION:

LIST OF MICROORGANISMS INVOLVED IN FOOD CONTAMINATION:

Generally, food having more amount of nutritional compound. So, most microorganisms use our food as a source of nutrients for their own growth. The growth of microorganisms on food causes decay of the food.

Bacteria,Viruses,Fungi (Yeast and Mould),Algae and Protozoa are come under the category of microorganisms. However bacteria and fungi are important in the contamination of foods.

Bacteria:

Bacteria are unicellular, prokaryotic microorganisms. Size of bacteria are 0.5 to 1.0 mm in diameter.

Important Bacterial Genus in food contamination:

1) Acetobacter

2) Aeromonas

3) Bacillus

4) Alcaligens

5) Alteromonas

6) Campylobacter

7) Clostridium

8) Corynebacterium

9) Brevibacterium

10) Desulfotomaculum

11) Enterobacter

12) Erwinia

13) Escherichia

14) Lactobacillus

15) Halobacterium

16) Gluconobacterium

17) Klebsiella

18) Microbacterium

19) Micrococcus

20) Leuconostoc

21) Listeria

22) Propionibacterium

23) Photobacterium

24) Pediococcus

25) Mycobacterium

26) Proteus

27) Staphylococcus

28) Sporosarcina

29) Sporolactobacillus

30) Salmonella

31) Shigella

32) Pseudomonas

33) Yrsinia

34) Vibrio

35) Streptomyces

36) Streptococcus.

Note: Every Above genus having many species. Example, the Genus Escherichia having 7 species includins Eschericha coli, Eschericha albertii and the genus Salmonella having 28 species including Salmonella typhi and salmonella enterica etc.,

Important Fungi ( Mould) Genus in Food Contamination:

1) Mucour

2) Rhizopus

3) Absidia

4) Aspergillus

5) Penicillium

6) Trichothecium

7) Geotrichum

8) Neurospora

9) Botrytis

10) Trichoderma

11) Pullularia

12) cladosporium

13) Helminthosporium

14) Fusarium

Important Fungi (Yeast) Genus in Food Contamination:

1) Saccharomyces

2) Pichia

3) Candida

Important Points on Microbiology:Part---2

Important Points on Microbiology:Part---2

1) What is capsid?

The protein molecule surrounding the genetic material ( DNA or RNA) of viruses are called as capsid.

2) What is sterilization?

Sterilization is a process which destroys all microorganisms. Sterilization is a important process in microbiology.

3) What are antibiotics?

A chemical substance is produced by microorganisms and it inhibit the growth of other microorganisms. It is known as antibiotic.

4) Types of antibiotics:

There are two types of antibiotics namely,

1) Narrow- spectrum antibiotics

2) Broad-spectrum antibiotics.

5) What are Narrow- spectrum antibiotics?

Narrow spectrum antibiotics inhibit the growth of narrow range of microorganisms such as Gram-positive bacteria or Gram-negative bacteria, but not both. Example: Penicillin.

6) What are Broad-spectrum antibiotics?

Broad-spectrum antibiotics kill a wide range of microorganisms such as both Gram positive bacteria and Gram negative bacteria. Example: Tetracycline.

7) Who was first used phenol as an antiseptic?

Joseph lister.

8) What are the chemical agents used to sterilize heat sensitive materials such as plastics?

· Ethylene oxide

· Formaldehyde

· Beta propiolactone

9) What are the heavy metals used as antimicrobial agents in microbiology?

· Mercury

· Silver

10) What are the chemicals used in ointments to inhibit the growth of fungus?

· Benzoic acid

· Salicylic acid.

Antisera for E.coli O 104.

Antisera for E.coli O 104.

Thanks:

Brent Barrett,Greenwood, Indiana

salbrent@sbcglobal.net

The WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Escherichia and Klebsiella at Statens Serum Institut suggests the use of K9 and O104 antisera for screening and confirmation of E. coli O104. Both O104 and K9 antisera are available from SSI Diagnostica

The bacterium E.coli O104:H4 has been identified as the cause of the ongoing outbreak in Northern Germany and belongs to the pathogenic group of E. coli which produces verocytotoxins (VT). VTEC strains can cause bloody diarrhoea and eventually lead to kidney failure in the form of haemolytic ureamic syndrome (HUS).

As of May 29, 15:00 CET, a total of 329 cases of haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) was reported to the Robert Koch Institute (RKI) since the beginning of May 2011, including three deaths. Of all cases, 71% were female and 88% 20 years or older

http://www.ssi.dk/English/SSI%20Diagnostica/SSI%20Diagnostica%20news/2011/Use%20K9%20serum%20to%20screen%20for%20E%20coli%20O104.aspx