Important Points on Microbiology:Part---2

Important Points on Microbiology:Part---2

1) What is capsid?

The protein molecule surrounding the genetic material ( DNA or RNA) of viruses are called as capsid.

2) What is sterilization?

Sterilization is a process which destroys all microorganisms. Sterilization is a important process in microbiology.

3) What are antibiotics?

A chemical substance is produced by microorganisms and it inhibit the growth of other microorganisms. It is known as antibiotic.

4) Types of antibiotics:

There are two types of antibiotics namely,

1) Narrow- spectrum antibiotics

2) Broad-spectrum antibiotics.

5) What are Narrow- spectrum antibiotics?

Narrow spectrum antibiotics inhibit the growth of narrow range of microorganisms such as Gram-positive bacteria or Gram-negative bacteria, but not both. Example: Penicillin.

6) What are Broad-spectrum antibiotics?

Broad-spectrum antibiotics kill a wide range of microorganisms such as both Gram positive bacteria and Gram negative bacteria. Example: Tetracycline.

7) Who was first used phenol as an antiseptic?

Joseph lister.

8) What are the chemical agents used to sterilize heat sensitive materials such as plastics?

· Ethylene oxide

· Formaldehyde

· Beta propiolactone

9) What are the heavy metals used as antimicrobial agents in microbiology?

· Mercury

· Silver

10) What are the chemicals used in ointments to inhibit the growth of fungus?

· Benzoic acid

· Salicylic acid.